Air Quality Analysis – March 2023

Below is a brief representation of data captured by portable devices installed in multiple locations in Korba, Delhi and Ranchi. The analysis has been done for two reporting periods – 1 March to 31 March 2023 and Jan 2022 to March 2023

Section 1 – Data Analysis for period Jan 2022 to March 2023

Monthly Average AQI – Different Cities
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ### ### ###
Korba 344 239 304 256 102 118 72 80 93 204 320 318 319 283 245
Delhi 355 303 218 133 98 75 71 67 85 323 380 372 412 328 198
Ranchi 200 81 77 159 158 198 – –

Table aabove show the Average Monthly AQI in different Cities. The graph and data clearly showcase the winter months when AQI comes under dangerous levels and summer and monsoon months when the air quality is Satisfactory. It is clear that AQI is showing an increasing trend with the onset of winter and has started decreasing as summer progresses. During this period, Delhi recorded the worst AQI in the month of January 2023. Out of 15 months, for 11-months AQI in Delhi was above 100 while Korba had AQI above 100 for 13 months. March 2023 Air quality has improved over the previous month figures for Delhi while it has deteriorated for Korba. Delhi witnessed incessant rains and high winds during most of the month of March 2023 which resulted in better air quality. The overall data for Korba shows that Korba Air is more polluted than Delhi for longer durations in the year.  March 2023 AQI is higher in both Korba and Delhi as compared to March 2022 which shows that he steps for air quality control are not being effective and more work needs to be done. The different colour bands in the graph respond to the AQI categories as stated in the NAAQs (More later in the document)

Monthly Average HI – Different Cities  
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan-23 Feb-23 Mar-23
Korba 19 24 29 36 40 39 37 35 35 30 23 21 21 24 29
Delhi 17 20 26 32 35 36 39 37 36 28 24 18 16 21 25
Ranchi 31 30 29 24 20 18 – – –

 

The above table shows the Monthly Average Heat Index for different cities.

Particulate Matter – Paniculate matter or PM is the amount of dust particles in the air. These particles can be of different types i.e. organic, metallic etc. There are different sizes for these particles. Particles of size 10 micron are called PM 10. Those between size of 2.5 and 10 micron are called PM 2.5. those between 1 and 2.5 micron are labelled as PM1. The smaller the size of the particles, the easier for it to enter the air stream of the body and cause more impact. NAAQS and WHO (Word Health Organisation) have both set limits for amount of such particles in the air for PM 2.5 and PM 10. Below are the limits set. It is clear that the Indian standard is higher than the WHO ADQ standard. There are no standards yet for PM 1 which is considerably more harmful.

PM 2.5 (ug/m3) PM 10 (ug/m3)
NAAQS (Annual target) 40 60
WHO Interim target 1 35 70
WHO ADQ Target 5 15

Below is the table and graph showing Monthly Average PM 2.5 values in different cities. In none of the months did any of the cities meet the higher Indian standard. In both Delhi and Korba, the values were more than 4 times the values in some of the months. Only during the monsoon period were the values closer to the standard but were still above. In Delhi and Korba both, the PM 2.5 particles have decreased in comparison to February 2023

Monthly Average PM 2.5 – Different Cities
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan-23 Feb-23 Mar-23
Korba 177 102 125 107 61 65 43 48 56 91 146 144 145 115 104
Delhi 191 124 95 70 59 45 43 40 51 150 224 214 266 156 89
Ranchi 90 48 46 78 77 89 – –

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